Ethical Fashion Essay

Presessional Academic English Program 2010 Unconditional What role,if any,does morals play in the style/structure industry? Moral design implies style which thinks about the individuals behind the garments we wear,as well as nature. At the point when you get some garments, you may not consider twice about where it was initially made,by whom and under what conditions. Nowadays individuals like quick design. Quick style implies design that is quick. In other word, these garments adjust to the most recent patterns rapidly. It gives individuals fulfillment utilizing their mindset that they need to bargain.However, we should figure how might they be sold with a modest cost. Possibly quick style assists with boosting design industry in a brief timeframe however It has a ton of symptoms naturally. (Step by step instructions to compose an importance of moral design is obviously delineated in this site: http://www. fairfashion. data/de/what. html) from the get go, quick style totally causes c ontamination. In a procedure of production, making cotton affects utilizing tremendous measure of synthetics and water. For instance, The Aral Sea has started to under-go a procedure of desertification. Developing cotton is one of the principle reason of Aral’s loss.In expansion, Pesticides have utilized 54% yearly in India which is one of the biggest cotton ranch. Dangerous pesticides related with the cotton creation make a water contamination. In addition, Child workers are uncovered on the danger of pesticides through investment in cotton creation. That is the reason it is essential to keep a moderate fashion(opposite of quick fashion)in our life. (Natural Justice Foundation(n. d. ). Pesticides and Cotton. Recovered from http://www. ejfoundation. organization/page332. html) (Environmental Justice Foundation. (n. d. ). Water and Cotton. Recovered from http://www. ejfoundation. rg/page334. html) Secondly, quick design additionally harms work condition. The intensity of sweat shop despite everything exist wherever on the planet. They have no respect for worker’s rights. It happens Indian specialists as well as Latino laborers. For example, Aracely who is worker from spain has worked in the sweatshops of Los Angeles. She should know the language however this is an extravagance for her. She gains just $80 in week averagely. It can’t be extended into a living compensation. When Aracely and her associates requested downtime on Good Friday to go to chapel, the proprietor said : â€Å"Does God give you money?If you don’t need to work,just let me know. I will discover others. † They look like precisely â€Å"modern slavery†. (Mort. J. (n. d. ). Sweatshop laborers stand up. In Ross. A. (Ed. ). (May,1997). No Sweat. ) (Chamberlain. G. (2010) Revealed: Gap,Next and M&S. The gatekeeper. The eyewitness. eighth of August. ) In Conclusion, these explanation are sufficient to clarify what number of issue quick design has. Quick st yle effects on conditions and others who works for design industry socially. The design business shouldn't be like this. As of late, numerous organizations are attempting to discover approaches to deliver eco-accommodating clothes.In expansion, customer called the Green Sumer increments consistently. Despite the fact that it is to hard that style buyers offer up to deal, we likewise can do a great deal by adopting increasingly moral strategy. This is a decent approach for style industry now and for ever. Presessional Academic English Program 2010 Unconditional Ethical Fashion An example of British planner Mark Liu's ‘zero squander design. ‘/Courtesy of Gyeonggi Museum of Modern Art Presessional Academic English Program 2010 Unconditional Bibliography http://www. fairfashion. data/de/what. html http://www. ethicalfashionforum. com http://www. jfoundation. organization/Environmental Justice Foundation. (n. d. ). Pesticides and Cotton. Recovered from http://www. ejfoundatio n. organization/page332. html Environmental Justice Foundation. (n. d. ). Water and Cotton. Recovered from http://www. ejfoundation. organization/page334. html Orexca. com. (n. d). The History of the Aral Sea. Recovered from http://www. orexca. com/aral_sea. shtml Chamberlain. G. (2010) Revealed: Gap,Next and M. The gatekeeper. The spectator. eighth of August. Ross. A. (Ed. ). (May,1997). No Sweat. Mort. J. (n. d. ). Sweatshop laborers stand up. In Ross. A. (Ed. ). (May,1997). No Sweat.

Introduction Of The Sarbanes Oxley Act Accounting Essay Essay Example

Presentation Of The Sarbanes Oxley Act Accounting Essay Today, the improvement of concern goes up against numerous difficulties and employments since some open organizations, including non-benefit associations, watch out for misrepresentation and control with data each piece great as financial assets to better their open introduction and to keep their positive open picture. At a similar clasp, the numbness of essential guidelines and standards of concern moralss prompts defeat of huge associations. In such manner, it is meriting adverting the example of Enron which truly animated officials to balance open organizations bookkeeping to expand their transparence and steadfastness. In such a situation, lawmakers apparently endeavored to shield financial specialists and partners from conceivable losingss brought about by beguiling activities of certain people playing taking parts in open introduction of open organizations. In footings of new administrative arrangements the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was executed in 2002 to ensure financial specialists and better open organizations answerability. We will compose a custom exposition test on Introduction Of The Sarbanes Oxley Act Accounting Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Introduction Of The Sarbanes Oxley Act Accounting Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Introduction Of The Sarbanes Oxley Act Accounting Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer On dissecting the introduction of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, it is important to contemplate the setting in which the demonstration was executed and grounds why it was actualized. In this regard, the Enron earth played the cardinal capacity in the execution of the demonstration. The Enron earth has uncovered army employments that exists in the cutting edge American concern each piece great as political relations. At a similar clasp, the core of the considerable number of occupations of Enron melodies in the viewpoint of top officials and such enormous companies each piece Enron each piece great as littler 1s. In reality, the strife for net gain and expansion of total compensations become the prevailing components which characterize the approach of organizations and their plans. In such a specific circumstance, it is conceivable to check that such a pursuit of maximal net gain depends on the standard that closures legitimize organizations. On the different manus, the negative unde rstanding of Enron totally demonstrates the degree to which this standard is mistaken and to what dark impacts the disunity for maximal overall gains can take. In such a situation, clearly the ruling A ; acirc ; ˆ?bottom line A ; acirc ; ˆA? standpoint of organizations ought to be entirely changed and enterprises ought to be witting of high perils of their friction for maximal overall gains. On investigating the present situation and current concern condition, it is important to underscore that quick and gigantic overall gain goes before moral issues and good worries in the advanced concern. As an outcome, essential good and moral standards are simple damaged whenever an organization gets a chance to build its total compensations methodicallly. Truth be told, today, moralss and profound quality are mediocre, while net gain is better and it is extremely hard than modify such a standpoint. Be that as it may, it is important to get down moving right currently to change the situation for better. In such manner, it is conceivable to ask presentation of moral codifications which could indicate essential moral standards and rules adjusting the relationship inside enterprises among officials and representatives each piece great as the strategy of organizations and its outer dealingss with its customer and concern mates. Nonetheless, the inventive movement of moral codifications is rather a considerate move which does non make to existent lawful obligation of enterprises for its out of line or exploitative approaches. At a similar clasp, clearly Enron has disregarded non only moral however close to legitimate standards. Hence, the Enron soil could be forestalled if legislative authorities played out their maps strongly. The region command over the arrangement of the organization and the correspondence of its activities to the bing legitimate standards could limit the peril of the disappointment of Enron. Besides, the power per unit region from the bit of the region in the signifier of a thorough control could build the obligation of top administrators of Enron and, along these lines, it could hinder the destruction of the organization and the soil which went with the ruin. In such a way, it is conceivable to reason that the present benefit arranged standpoint can be changed on the status that activities are attempted in two measurements. On the one manus, companies ought to modify their arrangements and authoritative progress and go morally progressively mindful that may require the introduction of moral codifications in enterprises. On the different manus, the capacity of the region is extremely significant since the territory is the significant controller which should order the legitimateness of approaches of organizations. In such a way, the Enron earth uncovered the incapability of bing mandates and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 should better the situation. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act upgrades monetary inclusion of open associations, including non-benefit associations. The lawmakers endeavored to do monetary portraying progressively crystalline and forestall any risk of misrepresentation or employments. For this goal, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act presented the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board which ought to regulate and order monetary inclusion of an open organization. In add-on, the demonstration focused on the independency of listeners that amplified the effectivity and objectiveness of examining limiting the risk of mix-ups and misconstruing of monetary realities. The demonstration expanded the enterprise obligation for reality and fulfillment of corporate monetary examinations. The demonstration upgraded monetary disclosures and characterized the conduct of protections investigators to build the af firmation of financial specialists in transparence and trustworthiness of open associations. In such a situation, a non-benefit association should other than better its bookkeeping framework to run into the Sarbanes-Oxley Act A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s requests. In such manner, it ought to be said that the non-benefit association should introduce changes to run into the requests of the demonstration. To set it all the more precisely, the non-benefit association needs to make the open organization oversight board which ought to incorporate free experts who can manage and order financial inclusion of the non-benefit association to turn out the masses that the non-benefit associations maps in adjustment to bing legitimate standards. In add-on, the board will be a helper segment of control to thwart the peril of cheats in financial inclusion of the associations. Besides, the non-benefit association may require to adjust its listeners and degree their course to the association A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s monetary inclusion and bookkeeping. In such a way, it will be conceivable to bo ost the independency of listeners and to show the transparence of the association. Moreover, the non-benefit association should focus on the improvement of a useful bookkeeping framework and financial inclusion to do it progressively crystalline and manageable. Along these lines, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 purposes at the bar of fakes and improving of financial inclusion of open organizations, including non-benefit associations. The last may require to introduce modifications referenced above to run into requests of the demonstration.

Martin Luther King Jr.’s Role in Advancing the Black Civil Rights

Glancing back at the headway of social liberties all through the period 1865-1968, it is justifiable to consider Martin To be King as the significant player and pioneer. He was seen by numerous individuals as a nonentity of the battle, with his ‘mesmerism's stylistic capacity he gave many individuals motivation and a man to lead the line as far as possible of prejudice in the United States. Without a doubt, Martin Luther King did a great deal to propel need social liberties until his passing in 1968, in particular the 1964 Civil Rights Act.However, numerous students of history until around the backtalk were too simple to even think about going for the ruler driven methodology in which dark social liberties began in 1955 and finished in 1968. Not to remove any credit from King, the social liberties development far surpassed of that during this period. Of revile and with incredible explanation, protection from race segregation had been growing since the time the beginning of race separation itself, yet it seemingly just dashed to get genuine pace with the 1863 Emancipation declaration and the death of the Fourteenth Amendment of 1868.This gave dark individuals De Cure rights over completely expressed, But, separation proceeded all through this period with Jim Crow enactment and the ASK in addition to other things, the battle proceeded for De facto rights. Accordingly, numerous associations developed. These associations pulled in across the board consideration and backing with their for the most part peaceful activity, battling for enactment as well as to assemble open support.These associations and Individuals existed ND gained important ground some time before Martin Luther King and proceeded with long after his passing, as refered to by veteran social liberties lobbyist Ella Baker, ‘Martin didn't make the development, the development made Martin'. Outside variables can't be downplayed with the media, government officials and Judges being a portion o f the couple of additionally Involved. In any case, It Is normal to need to put Individuals answerable for extraordinary crossroads In history, It Is faulty whether Martin Luther King was the most Important facto towards the headway of Civil Rights somewhere in the range of 1863 and 1968.

Video Games in USA - 1650 Words

Video Games in USA (Essay Sample) Content: Video Games in USAName:Institutional Affiliation:The problem that I would like to address is the impact of video games on children in the United States of America. Video games play a role in influencing the general social behavior of young children or players. For instance, some video games have an influence in sparking bad behavior (criminal behavior) among the children. Hostile aspects in a game contribute to most of the unpleasant acts that are always visible in children. This disrupts the relationships among the family members leading to irresponsible individuals in the society.Moreover, spending lots of time in front of a computer is associated with a number of medical effects which are harmful to the health of children due to addiction. Addiction can lead to obesity among children who always spend most of their time indoors and spare no time for outdoor games. Outdoor games are healthy for children because they tend to provide sufficient relaxation and full exer cise of the brain, body and mind for those children who are still undergoing bodily development.The strain that result from prolonged exposure to televisions or rather computer screens radiations have a significant number of effects on children. The most common problems that arise here are change in lifestyle and eye complications among other problems (Katie Zimmerman, 2005). Older children transform their lifestyles in cases of addiction to such games whereas eye complications apply to both young and old children.To solve this problem of addiction, parents should increase supervision in a way that when the children want to acquire a new game, they should filter the type of content or rather the rating of games. In addition, parents should use parental control to regulate childrens access to games that are addictive and might enhance development of poor behaviors among children.PROBLEM ANALYSIS REPORTThe Impact of Video Games on Children in United States of AmericaProblem definitio nThe virtual environment that is created by video games is crucial in establishment of a spatial presence. However, the impression of the entire earth as created by games has no direct relationship with real circumstances and actions that take place on the earth. The violent plans of actions that are shown in various game scenarios are not real thus, when practiced in the real life situations, there might be horrendous consequences to the individual involved in the action and generally the society. Therefore, video games involve retention of memory as it is done in classrooms but it does not substitute the ideas and knowledge that is obtained from class books and other learning processes at schools (Gee, 2003. p.104).The success of video games is associated with the level of active control in players. This enables the player to make decision on the type of action that can be taken in order to fight the situations which offer uneven control and confidence that might urge the children to enact the same way in the real life situations. In addition, the points that are gained in violent games that involve killing of people through shooting tend to glorify the kind of violence shown in games. Thus, addiction to computer or video games most of the time leads to arising of anger between parents and their children in a case where parents are extremely strict and hard on their kids.Parents have expressed their concerns on the general impact of video games on the social and psychological behavior of children. A number of these games have parental control hence parents can easily control every step of play. However, recent researches have proved that only twenty percent of parents try to exercise their parental control over the purchase and playing of video games (Wills, 2002. p.15). Problem EvidenceThe correlation between the violent incidences such as violent attacks from teenagers and interaction with violent games has not been established. However, there is a signifi cant increase in insensitiveness and vocal abuse towards crime in a number of cases. Thus, from the American health association, various researches have proven that the total time spend by children who belong to a quite low social and economic class play games five times more than those kids from the richer and educated families or societies. Here, education is the judging factor, but not money.Causes of the problemLike any other forms of media, video games are a major topic that is frequently under controversial discussions and censorship. This is as a result of graphic violence, use of illegal drugs, spread of sexual themes, propaganda, consumption of tobacco and alcohol and profanity in various games (Wills, 2002. p.15).There are various parties that seriously criticize video games in the society (among children). They include parents, organized religious groups, politicians and other organized religious groups. These parties have accused several games of causing an irreversible addiction alongside extremely violent behavior amongst children in the society. In addition, a question of age has been arising whenever this issue of games is being discussed. Video games addiction has been in existence for so many years now, beyond the remembrance of current young children. There is lots of violence in media systems such as televisions, movies, music and video games. This violence greatly affects children. It is extremely pronounced and open that the video games tend to teach many young people the weapon-related skills and influence the way they react to their colleagues.Consequences Playing many video games that are violent is associated with the general aggressive feelings, behavior and thoughts in children. Furthermore, these violent games are related to the act of young children being unwilling to help and show some caring attitude towards their colleagues or rather their peers. Most importantly, researches have shown substantial evidence on this not happenin g to non-aggressive children alone.In addition, children who are fond of playing violent video games are hostile and in many cases, they enjoy arguing with other kids. However, those children who spend less than ten minutes to play a computer game tend to be more aggressive in a short while immediately after playing as compared to those who play for a couple of hours (Witheford Peuter, 2009. p.30).Video games involve parts or rather sections whereby children repeatedly enjoy the recurring incidents of violence within the games. The violence in the games might be harmful as compared to the type of violence watched from televisions and movies. In video games, violence is made more realistic since there are rewards for every violent act.Video games have various ratings that indicate when and where mature sex themes are used, presence of violence, strong language and other irrelevant content for children. These ratings indicate suitable games for children in various age groups. For ins tance, when selecting appropriate games for children and adults, ratings are extremely crucial when taken seriously.Table on game popularity and content descriptionGame rankGame Number of children Game content descriptionGrand Theft 242Intense violence, strong sexual content, drug abuseMadden 189No descriptionHalo 154Violence and shade of bloodTony hawk90Use of alcohol, blo...

evolution of cell phones Essay examples - 601 Words

1 The improvement in technology has come such a long way in the last forty years. Comparing improvements in cars, televisions, computers, and cell phones is quite an easy task to do. The biggest technological improvement would have to be the cell phone with its major differences in appearance, and its usefulness/capability. Even in just the last few years there have been major changes to the cell phone, but comparing the first cell phone to todays is like comparing a caveman to a rocket scientist. On April 3rd, 1973, the very first cell phone call was made by a man named Martin Cooper. Martin was using a Motorola DynaTAC 8000x, or as most people know as the very first cell phone. At first glance the 8000x basically looked like some†¦show more content†¦Along with that, is the 8000x couldn’t do anything else, it was strictly made for phone calls. When compared to the cell phones today, the 8000x is way beyond outdated. In modern day there has been many improvements such as unlimited minutes, texting, and also the availability to search the web right from your phone. The technology is just way beyond that of which most people thought it would ever go. Most people would agree that the cell phone is now a necessity. It provides numerous ways for each other to contact each other through, calling, texting, picture messages, and even live face to face video chat. The cell phone today can do just about anything needed, and is an outstanding improvement from when the first cell phone was invented. Major improvements such as its appearance, and its overall usefulness and capability. Though the first cell phone was an extreme breakthrough for modern technology at the time, the technological advancement today has made the cell phone not only extremely handy, but considered by most as a necessity. Only time can tell what future cell phones will be like and how we can compare them to the way we use themShow MoreRelatedThe Evolution Of Cell Phones1331 Words   |  6 PagesThe Evolution of Cell Phones: 1995-Present Throughout the twentieth-century, different inventions and predictions were made to determine what the future would be like. For example, hover cars and advanced spacecraft were some of the most iconic pieces of predicted technology. Although hover cars still have yet to be refined some predictions of the twentieth-century are seen being used today, such as small portable communicators. Small portable communicators have enhanced the way people communicateRead MoreEvolution of Cell Phones1324 Words   |  6 Pages Today we refer to our phones as cellphones or mobile phones. However, that was not the case when they first came about. The term â€Å"radiotelephony† was used to describe what we now call our cell phones. Early radiotelephony, â€Å"early† dating back to the 1940’s, services was available for a very small amount of people. The very first mobile phones were better known as radiotelephones and were first used in the early part of the last century. Radiotelephones were originally used for ship-to-shore orRead MoreCell Phone Evolution948 Words   |  4 Pagesahold† or communicate with someone that was not within walking distance you would follow these three simple steps: First you would walk over to the nearest landline phone. Depending on if no one else in the household was currently using it, would determine if you would be able to talk to who you wanted. Next you would pick up the phone and begin dialing. This could be as easy as pushing the numbers or as difficult as putting your finger in a hold on a rotating piece of plastic, spinning it all theRead MoreThe Cell Phone Evolution Essay1667 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cell Phone Evolution Table of Contents THE BEGINNING 3 A NEW WAY TO COMMUNICATE 4 PRESENT CELL PHONES 6 FUTURE CELL PHONES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 REFERENCES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 The Cell Phone Evolution THE BEGINNING Over a century ago, Alexander Graham Bell changed the way people communicated with each other. Back when he invented the phone in 1876, no one could imagine that over the next century, his invention would change the way societies interactRead MoreTechnology And Evolution Of Cell Phones2038 Words   |  9 Pages When cell phones were first introduced, they were large and expensive. In 1983 the first truly mobile phone was released by Motorola. It was the Motorola DynaTAC 8000x. To some people it is known as the â€Å"Zack Morris phone.† He used this phone on a regular basis in a popular television show called â€Å"Saved by the bell† which took place in the late 80’s to early 90’s. It was an extremely large device compared to the ones we are used to now and it was only designed to make phone calls. It was not oftenRead MoreCell Phone Evolution: Good and Bad1252 Words   |  6 PagesCell Phone Evolution: Good and Bad Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, the world has become a smaller and faster place. The time used to travel to far distances has decreased. The growth of new technologies, traveling and communicating has become simple daily tasks for many people. Through the growth of global communication, people have become closer to others across the globe, and business has gone world wide. One invention that came along with the technological revolution is theRead MoreFor The Last Couple Of Decades, The Evolution Of Cell Phones1389 Words   |  6 Pagesthe evolution of cell phones has happened fast, and it has happened right before our eyes. The memories about having a house phone with a cord on a table or attached to the wall are still on my mind. Nowadays, however, a person needs only one device to do different things at the same time, when in the past one needed three different devices to be able to do their things, and it was time-consuming. Not everybody has adapted to the new era of cell phones. There are still people who think cell phonesRead MoreCommunication And Cell Phones : The Evolution Of Electronic Communication1339 Words   |  6 PagesThe evolution of social interaction, like so much of human existence, usually takes place over multiple generations. However, the advent of mobile cellular devices and their proliferating ownership and use has altered social interaction dramatically in the last decade; communication never stops. Instead of looking ahead while walking and engaging with other pedestrians, many people are looking down and interacting with their mobile device. Texting while driving is such a significant problem thatRead MoreEvolution of the Mobile Phone718 Words   |  3 Pagesfrom a cell phone. Martin Cooper, vice president of Motorola, walked out of a Manhattan building and made the first cellular network call from a DynaTAC phone. The first call was made to Bell Labs, Motorola’s largest competitor in the mobile marketing business. (Cheng, 2013) Cooper’s phone call started a trend in which technology constantly evolves. From the Motorola DynaTAC to the iPhone 5S, the mobile phone has evolved since the large, bulky device made in 1973. The very first cell phone was releasedRead MoreImpact of the Technology on Each Individual’s Behavior1129 Words   |  5 Pagesrecognize that it is a language evolution. And when it comes to cultures and lack of technology in the early days, Charles McGrath’s â€Å"The Pleasures of the Text† talk about the limitation of texts and the cultural reasons, so the abbreviations have start been using. The Campus Times keep talking about the abbreviations and the influences on today’s language. By CQ Researcher, it says people today are more connected than ever, and each individual relies on the cell phones to work, entertain, and even

Analysis Of The Article Heart Of Darkness Essay

determiner: Words such as â€Å"a/an,† â€Å"the,† â€Å"some,† and â€Å"my† are determiners, which are utilized to â€Å"determine† what nouns mean. â€Å"A/an† and â€Å"the† can be considered to be the most significant determiners. â€Å"A/an† and â€Å"the† also are known as articles. A more comprehensive list of determiners would include â€Å"any,† â€Å"each,† â€Å"every,† â€Å"no,† â€Å"his,† â€Å"this/that,† â€Å"these/those,† â€Å"his,† â€Å"her,† â€Å"its,† â€Å"your,† â€Å"our,† and â€Å"their.† A concept basic to articles is countability, and they pose difficult challenges for L2 learners regarding, for example, which nouns are countable or uncountable in English since countability, while very important, can be difficult to quantify. An example regarding the use of the article would be the novel Heart of Da rkness. Not having an article at the beginning of this title appears to be more a matter of style than grammar, and also is a characteristic of headlines, titles, and names. So while conventionally a countable noun (such as heart) needs a determiner (the, a, this, or my), not applying this rule could be confusing to an L2 learner expecting an article. 2. perfective: In English, there are two aspects (see next entry for a definition of â€Å"aspect†)—perfect (also called perfective) and continuous (also termed progressive). The perfect aspect establishes a connection between two periods of time while the continuous aspect typically connotes that an activity still is occurring, is seen from a specific juncture in time, and the verbs employed are those typicallyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Article Heart Of Darkness Essay1918 Words   |  8 Pagesknown as articles. A more comprehensive list of determiners would include â€Å"any,† â€Å"each,† â€Å"every,† â€Å"no,† â€Å"his,† â€Å"this/that,† â€Å"these/those,† â€Å"his,† â€Å"her,† â€Å"its,† â€Å"your,† â€Å"our,† and â€Å"their.† A concept basic to articles is countability, and they pose difficult challenges for L2 learners regarding, for example, which nouns are countable or uncountable in English since countability, while very important, can be difficult to quantify. An example regarding the use of the article would be the novel Heart of DarknessRead MoreGender Role In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness Essay1430 Words   |  6 PagesGender Role In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness For the most part people who read Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad may feel that the novella is strictly a story of exploration and racial discrimination. But to Johanna Smith who wrote â€Å"’Too Beautiful Altogether’: Ideologies of Gender and Empire in Heart of Darkness† it is much more than that. Johanna Smith along with Wallace Watson and Rita A. Bergenholtz agree that throughout Heart of Darkness there are tones of gender prejudice, but the wayRead MoreThe Journey In â€Å"Heart Of Darkness† Spans Not Only The Capricious1222 Words   |  5 PagesThe journey in â€Å"Heart of Darkness† spans not only the capricious waters extending our physical world, but also the perplexing ocean which exists in the heart of man. Through Marlow s somewhat overenthusiastic eyes, we perceive the mystery that is humanity, and the blurred line between darkness and light. It is an expedition into the deepest crevices of the human heart and mind bringing on an awa reness, and finally descending into the abyss of hell abiding in each of us. Conrad’s use of wordplayRead MoreEthnocentrism: with Whom Resides the Heart of Darkness?790 Words   |  4 PagesEthnocentrism 1 Ethnocentrism With Whom Resides the Heart of Darkness? Antonio Arevalo James Campbell High School Ethnocentrism 2 Abstract This paper discusses Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrads most acclaimed novel, and attempts to determine what the heart of darkness that Conrad speaks of is. I found, through my interpretations, that the heart of darkness is the ethnocentrism that Europeans maintained in the age of colonialism. More specifically, this ethnocentrism broughtRead More Misleading Interpretations of Conrads Heart of Darkness Essays1186 Words   |  5 PagesMisleading Interpretations of Conrads Heart of Darkness Chinua Achebe, a well-known writer, once gave a lecture at the University of Massachusetts about Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness, entitled An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrads Heart of Darkness. Throughout his essay, Achebe notes how Conrad used Africa as a background only, and how he set Africa up as a foil to Europe,(Achebe, p.251) while he also projects the image of Africa as the other world, the antithesis of Europe andRead MoreEssay on Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness1414 Words   |  6 Pageswith a leader of a community who has this type of unchecked power and influence with a happy ending. Perhaps the greatest story ever written about good vs. evil, madness, abuse of power along with influence, and nature just might be Heart of Darkness. Heart of Darkness, written by Joseph Conrad tells the story of an agent named Marlow, who experiences hellish conditions and behaviors whilst trying to rescue a man named Kurtz, who turns out to be quite a handful. Throughout this journey the moral ramificationsRead MoreHeart Of Darkness Essay1426 Words   |  6 PagesJoseph Conrads novel Heart of Darkness uses character development and character analysis to really tell the story of European colonization. Within Conrads characters one can find both racist and colonialist views, and it is the opinion, and the interpretation of the reader which decides what Conrad is really trying to say in his work. Chinua Achebe, a well known writer, once gave a lecture at the University of Massachusetts about Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness, entitled An image of Africa:Read More Colonialism and Imperialism in Heart of Darkness and A Passage to India1683 Words   |  7 Pagesis best to analyze the works, Heart of Darkness and A Passage to India, applying the historical and cultural conditions of the society in which they were produced. 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Modernism vs Postmodernism Essay example Example For Students

Modernism vs Postmodernism Essay example It quickly emerged that the proper and unique area of competence of each art coincided with all that was unique to the nature of its medium. The task of self-criticism became to eliminate from the effects of each art any and every effect that might conceivably be borrowed from or by the medium of any other art. Thereby each art would be rendered pure, and in its purify find the guarantee of its standards of quality as well as of its independence. Purity meant self-definition, and the enterprise of self-criticism in the arts became one of self-definition, with a vengeance. (Greenberg, Modernist Painting, Art in Theory, p.755) Greenbergs aesthetics are the terminal point of historical trajectory. There is another history of art, however, a history of representations for me, and some other erstwhile conceptualists, conceptual art opened onto that other history, a history which opens onto history. Art practice was no longer to be defined as an artisanal activity, a process of crafting fine objects in a given medium, it was rather to be seen as a set of operations performed in a field of signifying practices, perhaps centred on a medium but certainly not bounded by it. (Victor Burgin, The absence of presence, Art in Theory, pp. 1098-9) Discuss the merits of Burgins statement as a basis on which to distinguish postmodernism from Modernism in the practice of art. In your answer you should make reference to at least four works which you consider to be of particular relevance to an argument between these two positions. This question highlights one of the themes central to the account of modem art offered in this course: the tension between the theoretical perspectives of, on the one hand, Modernist criticism and, on the other, an approach focused on the relationship of the art of any given period to its social, political and historical context. The two quotations given above may be interpreted as representing these polarities. It would be an oversimplification to suggest that to accept a Modernist account of modem art must imply rejection of a socio-historical view, or vice-versa (the discussion between TJ Clark and Michael Fried about Pollock (TV21) suggests that there is room for negotiation, if not for compromise). It is, however, arguable that a definition of postmodernism should take into consideration both the close interrelationship between Modernist criticism and mid-twentieth century abstract art, which together constituted the dominant hegemony in art from the late 1940s to the early 1960 s (and hence the artistic context against which postmodernism in the visual arts evolved), and the social, historical and political context within which art characterised as postmodern has developed. It seems reasonable, therefore, to start by attempting to clarify the critical positions represented by Greenberg and Burgin. Greenberg, in Modernist Painting (1961) and other writings, sets the development of modem art, specifically painting, in the context of the ideas of the Enlightenment philosopher Kant, who used logic to establish the limits of logic (Art in Theory p.755.) Kant thereby established a precedent for using the techniques of a particular medium to define and refine that medium, a process referred to by Greenberg as self-criticism. This implies that painting, rather than using art to conceal art (ibid) by creating illusionistic space and depth, should rather use art to call attention to art (ibid), that is, to emphasise the unique characteristics of the medium; the flat surface, the shape of the support, the properties of pigment (ibid). Greenberg states that such a process would render art pure, that is, autonomous, free of any extraneous elements deriving from othe r arts, such as theatricality or narrative. The impact of a painting should thus derive from those technical aspects characteristic of painting, such as colour, form and composition. An example of the sort of painting Greenberg was advocating at the time may clarify this. Morris Louiss painting Alpha-Phi (pl.D10) is exactly contemporary with the publication of Modernist Painting. It consists of bold, ragged, diagonal streaks of pure colour against an off-white ground; Louiss use of acrylic paints, which soak into the canvas, means that the colours appear integrated with the ground and hence do not disrupt the flatness of the picture plane. Its effect depends upon the arrangement of colours and the large scale of the painting which makes it occupy so much of ones visual field that it loses its character as a discrete tactile object and thereby become that much more purely a picture, a strictly visual entity (Greenberg, Louis and Noland, p.28). It is apparently devoid of references to anything other than the intrinsic qualities of forms and colours. Louiss painting, and the contemporary work of Kenneth Noland (e.g. Bloom, pl 141) and Jules Olitski (e.g. (Twice) Disarmed pl.D11) were seen by Greenberg as being how paintings should look if they are to continue the intelligible continuity of taste and tradition (Art in Theory p.760) and offer the viewer a sufficient degree of aesthetic power (Modernism in Dispute p. 173) in the 1960s. Fredric Jameson - Postmodernism EssayWhile Burgins statement does not emphasise these points, they are illustrated by his own work. What does Possession mean to you (pl. 189) uses a glossy advertising-style photograph which is placed in the context of a caption about the ownership of wealth to put a different, socio-political perspective on the image, calling into question issues of gender dominance and property ownership and thus critiquing social norms. It was exhibited not as a single artwork in a gallery, but in a set of 500 copies posted in the streets of the centre of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. The replication of the image and its display on the streets can be seen as critical both of the idea of the importance of orginality and of the exhibitions and museums system. A decoupling of art from the established methods of presenting it to the public seems to be characteristic of postmodernism, and is also exemplified by developments such as the Land Art of Richard Long and Robert Smith son, and the public projections of Krystof Wodiczko. These images, for instance his projection of hands holding prison bars onto a courthouse (pl.D71), function, like Burgins poster, as socio-political commentary and also share with it the ephemeral quality mentioned in relation to Koons. Work by Burgin such as Any moment previous to the present moment (pl.169), which consists of text from which the viewer/reader has to construct his/her own image, highlights both Burgins view of the importance of concepts in postmodernist art, and the tendency within postmodernist art to invite the viewer to sustained active participation in the work of art. This is in direct opposition to the passive contemplation advocated by Modernist critics such as Fried who, in Art and Objecthood, claims that good art should be instantaneously present. This idea of the importance of presentness is contradicted by the title of Burgins article, The absence of presence. Taking Burgins statement as a point of departure, it is possible to connect postmodern ideas to a diverse range of works of art, which are in turn associated with a series of contemporary concepts and concerns. While Burgin provides a means of distinguishing postmodernism from Modernism in art, there remains the problem of how to, or indeed whether, one ought to distinguish qualitatively between different postmodernist works. If social relevance is a characteristic of postmodernism, then degree or accuracy of social relevance may be used as an evaluative tool; however, as Harrison and Wood have pointed out (see Modernism in Dispute, p.240) radically critical work may become marginalised and lose its ability to challenge. Furthermore, if the main impact of a work depends on its contemporary relevance, it is likely to lose conceptual value with the passage of time; Haackes The Safety Net (pl.D24) borrows its meaning from contemporary politics rather than conforming with Greenbergs idea of art as self-defining, and is hence now arguably of historic rather than artistic interest. The aesthetic of Greenbergian Modernism may never recover a dominant position within art history but, as Harrison and Wood have suggested, the contingency of the historical is only half the point of art. Bibliography Wood, Frascina, Harris, Harrison, Modernism in Dispute: Art since the Forties, Chapters 2 and 3, and associated A316 materials. Harrison Wood (eds), Art in Theory, 1900 1990: An Anthology of Changing Ideas, Blackwell, 1994 Frascina Harris (eds), Art in Modern Culture: An anthology of critical texts, Phaidon, 1992 OBrian (ed), Clement Greenberg: The Collected Essays and Criticism, Volumes 2 3, University of Chicago Press, 1986, 1993